【www.tuzhexing.com--托福】
2011年12月10日托福机经回忆
阅读：
1， 关键词：water deposit； delta, downstream/upstream sediments
最后一段有插入提是关于说The Mississippi River Delta；人们保持channel of The Mississippi River 是为了不让河水改变到别的地方
2. Silent film and synchronous sound
第一题，爱迪生为什么发明了Kentucky
为了synchronous sound改进的system 有什么缺陷
3. atmosphere of Venus，现在地球上水多，大气层相对稀薄，金星上大气层后的多。提出的假设，很久以前金星和地球有同样的大气构造，金星上也有水The atmosphere of Venus is very hot and thick提出假设：在形成初期可能和地球的成分相似，都含有大量水，但是离太阳距离过近，水蒸发了，连二氧化碳都能因为高压从石灰石里跑出来，温室效应就更强了。
相似： Both Earth and Venus have small amounts of water atmosphere. However, Venus’ atmospheric water is about all the water on the planet. Terrestrial planets get much of their atmospheres from gases released from their interiors, primarily through volcanic formation. Volcanoes on Earth release large amounts of both water vapor and carbon dioxide, and it is likely that this is also the case for volcanoes on Venus.
Most of the carbon dioxide on Earth is now dissolved in the oceans and in rocks such as limestone, which is found in the oceans. Venus, however, would have had a higher surface temperature due to its position nearer the Sun: as a result, any liquid water on the plant’s surface quickly evaporated, and the carbon dioxide remained in the atmosphere.
听力：
Art history : Modernism art and women ; Modernism painting contains cubism, realistic 给出了一个玛格丽特女画家的一副画，是画的她的丈夫bill
但是对于牛逼的艺术家来说，他们都觉得不屑一顾。比如Ceillus Boewn （拼写不是这样的，但是tpo有一套出现过这个人，说她画了Day Dreamer）,有题问她对玛格丽特 的画觉得怎么样
Computer History:
先说了达芬奇的一种概念，把艺术和科技结合起来，为解决人们的需要而发展科技，而部创造出新的问题
Old goal of Computer design: improve power and speed
New: solve people’s problems that they want to need to solve 给了一个网站的例子，人们想从网上找信息，但是很烦，找不到；但对设计者来说可能很容易就找到需要的信息。这样的设计不好，应该满足人们的需求，而不是制造新的问题。
History of Science
说了能量守恒定律的发展，科学家认为宇宙中的能量不会改变，只是改变形式。但是不明白biological energy and nonliving energy。 有提到house toting and cats meowing
后来发现动物摄入的食物能量和释放的能量是相等的。植物吸收太阳能，放出能量。
对话：
neighboring history and genealogy
教授有觉得女生的选题过于广泛，不易调查，女生说它可以去查找图书馆资料；
有题问女生为什么要找hat factory 做调查；有题说女生为什么不采用vocal interviews
口语
task 1 : your friend is going to work in an office before going to the university? disagree/agree
task2,20101029NA is it more enjoyable to participate in an activity or watch others play?
你愿意参与sports，还是看别人play
task3 letters： no sports on dining hall lawn 1, 女生认为 dining hall lawn is in the central place; everyone is busy and want to walk through the lawn; 所以即使在草坪上不踢球，不运动也不会make lawn look nicer； 2， 女生认为everyone wants to play sports during the 15 minutes between classes or play sports after lunch but before afternoon’s class; if people need to walk a long way to other places, It takes a lot of time;
task4 貌似和20090403 NA不太一样啊，阅读好像是有点像， 记得是natural passage way: a solution to connect the lands to compensate the damage caused by human activity； 听力： 给了一个one place in Canada, people built up a highway and divided the forest into two parts; thus, bears have less food. The food seems to decease half. Scientists propose to build a bridge connecting the two small forests and put the soil, trees on the bridge. Then the bridge looks like a natural passage way, and bears can come across to another part and find food to survive.
task5: finish a paper tonight but he is invited to a concert; he plans to finish the paper tonight but he forget the invitation
First solution is to finish the paper after the concert, but he almost has to stay all night. The professor will not accept paper after deadline.
Second solution is to tell his friend he will not go to the concert, but his friend will be disappointed and even angry. His friend has paid his ticket and almost all fees for the concert.
task 6: 类似20090403NA
Professor talks about two ways to fill in the memory gap
First is to use assumption or guesses to fill in the gap: e.g. people witness a car accident will say that they see the
drive talking on the cellphone or not turning on the signal light, but these details are not accurate
Second is to use the suggested information to fill in the gap. When people are asked how fast the car is. They almost say it is speedy and faster than the real speed.
综合：oppose against the law that prohibits importing. Buying, selling the non-native species in U.S
1, people fear that their pets will be taken away by authorities
听力： 法律禁止买卖，但不会拿走人们现在的宠物。 现在的宠物是国内的，不在禁止范围。 E.g. one person has tropical fish; the fish will not be taken away, but the owner cannot buy the non-native tropical fish in the future
2. It is expensive to implement the law because government has to spend a lot on the study of nonnative animals
听力： 非本土物种造成的破坏更加大，是不可估计的损失；比如Florida 的一种蛇Burmese Python (Google 来的，有幻灯片显示拼写)
3. 非本土物种可能不会造成威胁， 比如Belgian rabbits are nonnative ，but it will not establish in the northeast of U.S because the weather is really cold
听力： 本土物种会造成威胁,破坏当地物种。Belgian rabbits carry Myxoma virus (Google 来的，有幻灯片显示拼写) They kill a lot of native animals and kill almost 99% of native rabbits.
独立作文 ：The best way to improve quality of education is to increase the teachers’ salaries.
和 20101113NA基本一样。To improve the quality of education ， universities should spend more money on professors’ salaries.
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