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2013年考研英语模拟试题及答案
2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语
答题注意事项
1.本试卷考试时间150分钟，满分100分。
2.试卷后面附有参考答案，供学员测试后核对。
Section I Structure and Vocabulary
In each question, decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put your choice on the answer sheet. (20 points)
1. A variety of small clubs can provide _____ opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful group dynamics.
[A] durable
[B] excessive
[C] surplus
[D] multiple
2. By turning this knob to the right you can _____ the sound from this radio.
[A] amplify
[B] enlarge
[C] magnify
[D] reinforce
3. Under the _____ confronting them it was impossible to continue the strike any longer.
[A] surroundings
[B] settings
[C] circumstances
[D] environments
4. We have the system of exploitation of man by man.
[A] cancelled
[B] abolished
[C] refused
[D] rejected
5. We shall probably never be able to _____ the exact nature of these sub-atomic particles.
[A] assert
[B] impart
[C] ascertain
[D] notify
6. This diploma _____ that you have completed high school.
[A] proves
[B] certifies
[C] secures
[D] approves
7. Up until that time, his interest had focused almost _____ on fully mastering the skills and techniques of his craft.
[A] restrictively
[B] radically
[C] inclusively
[D] exclusively
8. That sound doesn’t _____ in his language so it’s difficult for him to pronounce.
[A] happen
[B] take place
[C] occur
[D] run
9. The security guard _____ two men who were yelling in the courtroom.
[A] expelled
[B] propelled
[C] repelled
[D] dispelled
10. In most cases politici ians are _____ as they seldom tell the truth.
[A] credible
[B] credulous
[C] incredulous
[D] incredible
11. He soon received promotion, for his superiors realized that he was a man of considerable _____.
[A] future
[B] possibility
[C] ability
[D] opportunity
12. Britain has the highest _____ of road traffic in the world—over 60 cars for every mile of road.
[A] density
[B] intensity
[C] popularity
[D] prosperity
13. CCTV programs are _____ by satellite to the remotest areas in the country.
[A] transferred
[B] transported
[C] transformed
[D] transmitted
14. An energy tax would curb ordinary air pollution, limit oil imports and cut the budget _____.
[A] disposition
[B] deficit
[C] defect
[D] discrepancy
15. The government will _____ a reform in the educational system.
[A] initiate
[B] initial
[C] initiative
[D] intimate 16. Estimates _____ anywhere from 600 000 to 3 million. Although the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another mater: that the number of the homeless is increasing. One of the federal government’s studies predicts that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.
[A] cover
[B] change
[C] differ
[D] range
17. As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became “personal” too, as well as institutional, with display becoming sharper and storage _____ increasing.
[A] ability
[B] capability
[C] capacity
[D] faculty
18. It soon becomes clear that the interior designer’s most important basic _____ is the function of the particular space. For example, a theater with poor sight lines, poor sound-shaping qualities, and too few entries and exits will not work for its purpose, no matter how b eautifully it might be decorated.
[A] care
[B] concern
[C] attention
[D] intention
19. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more mysterious. The new experiments, such as those _____ for the first time at a recent meeting or the society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations for the purpose of non-REM sleep.
[A] maintained
[B] described
[C] settled
[D] afforded
20. Changes in the social structure may indirectly _____ juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that lead to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment in general make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain.
[A] affect
[B] reduce
[C] check
[D] reflect
Section II Use of English
Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)
Health implies more than physical fitness. It also implies mental and emotional well-being. An angry, frustrated, emotionally 21 person in good physical condition is not 22 healthy. Mental health, therefore, has much to do 23 how a person copes with the world as s/he exists. Many of the factors that 24 physical health also affect mental and emotional well-being.
Having a good self-image means that people have positive 25 pictures and good, positive feelings about themselves, about what they are capable 26 , and about the roles they play. People with good self-images like themselves, and they are 27 like others. Having a good self-image is based 28 a realistic, as well as positive, or optimistic 29 of one’s own worth and value and capabilities.
Stress is an unavoidable, necessary, and potentially healthful 30 of our society. People of all ages 31 stress. Children begin to 32 stress during prenatal development and during childbirth. Examples of stress-inducing 33 in the life of a young person are death of a pet, pressure to 34 academically, the divorce of parents, or joining a new youth group. The different ways in which individuals 35 to stress may bring healthful or unhealthy results. One person experiencing a great deal of stress may function exceptionally well 36 another may be unable to function at all. If stressful situations are continually encountered, the individual’s physical, social, and mental health are eventually affected.
Satisfying social relations are vital to 37 mental and emotional health. It is believed that in order to 38 , develop, and maintain effective and fulfilling social relationships people must 39 the ability to know and trust each other, understand each other, influence, and help each other. They must also be capable of 40 conflicts in a constructive way.
21. [A] unstable [B] unsure [C] imprecise [D] impractical
22. [A] normally [B] generally [C] virtually [D] necessarily
23. [A] on [B] at [C] to [D] with
24. [A] signify [B] influence [C] predict [D] mark
25. [A] intellectual [B] sensual [C] spiritual [D] mental
26. [A] to be doing [B] with doing [C] to do [D] of doing
27. [A] able better to [B] able to better [C] better to able [D] better able to
28. [A] on [B] from [C] at [D] about
29. [A] assessment [B] decision [C] determination [D] assistance
30. [A] ideality [B] realization [C] realism [D] reality
31. [A] occur [B] engage [C] confront [D] encounter
32. [A] tolerate [B] sustain [C] experience [D] undertake
33. [A] evidence [B] accidents [C] adventures [D] events
34. [A] acquire [B] achieve [C] obtain [D] fulfill
35. [A] respond [B] return [C] retort [D] reply
36. [A] why [B] when [C] while [D] where
37. [A] sound [B] all-round [C] entire [D] whole
38. [A] illuminate [B] enunciate [C] enumerate [D] initiate
39. [A] access [B] assess [C] process [D] possess
40. [A] resolving [B] saluting [C] dissolving [D] solving Section III Reading Comprehension
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D] Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET (40 points)
Text 1
The period of adolescence, i.e., the period between childhood and adulthood, may be long or short, depending on social expectations and on society’s definition as to what constitutes maturity and adulthood. In primitive societies adolescence is frequently a relatively short period of time, while in industrial societies with patterns of prolonged education coupled with laws against child labor, the period of adolescence is much longer and may include most of the second decade of one’s life. Furthermore, the length of the adolescent period and the definition of adulthood status may change in a given society as social and economic conditions change. Examples of this type of change are the disappearance of the frontier in the latter part of the nineteenth century in the United States, and more universally, the industrialization of an agricultural society.
In modern society, ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance and there no longer is agreement as to what constitutes initiation ceremonies. Social ones have been replaced by a sequence of steps that lead to increased recognition and social status. For example, grade school graduation, high school graduation and college graduation constitute such a sequence, and while each step implies certain behavioral changes and social recognition, the significance of each depends on the socio-economic status and the educational ambition of the individual. Ceremonies for adolescence have also been replaced by legal definitions of status roles, right, privileges and responsibilities. It is during the nine years from the twelfth birthday to the twenty-first that the protective and restrictive aspects of chil dhood and minor status are removed and adult privileges and responsibilities are granted. The twelve-year-old is no longer considered a child and has to pay full fare for train, airplane, theater and movie tickets. Basically, the individual at this age loses childhood privileges without gaining significant adult rights. At the age of sixteen the adolescent is granted certain adult rights which increases his social status by providing him with more freedom and choices. He now can obtain a driver’s license; he can leave public schools; and he can work without the restrictions of child labor laws. At the age of eighteen the law provides adult responsibilities as well as rights; the young man can now be a soldier, but he also can marry without parental permission. At the age of twenty-one the individual obtains his full legal rights as an adult. He now can vote, he can buy liquor, he can enter into financial contracts, and he is entitled to run for public office. No additional basic rights are acquired as a function of age after majority status has been attained. None of these legal provisions determine at what point adulthood has been reached but they do point to the prolonged period of adolescence.
41. The period of adolescence is much longer in industrial societies because ________.
[A] the definition of maturity has changed
[B] the industrialized society is more developed
[C] more education is provided and laws against child labor are made(C)
[D] ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance
42. Former social ceremonies that used to mark adolescence have given place to ________.
[A] graduations from schools and colleges
[B] social recognition
[C] socio-economic status(A)
[D] certain behavioral changes
43. No one can expect to fully enjoy the adulthood privileges until he is ________.
[A] eleven years old
[B] sixteen years old
[C] twenty-one years old(C)
[D] between twelve and twenty-one years old
44. Starting from 22, ________.
[A] one will obtain more basic rights
[B] the older one becomes, the more basic rights he will have
[C] one won’t get more basic rights than when he is 21(C)
[D] one will enjoy more rights granted by society
45. According to the passage, it is true that ________.
[A] in the late 19th century in the United States the dividing line between adolescence and adulthood no longer existed
[B] no one can marry without the permission of his parents until the age of twenty-one
[C] one is considered to have reached adulthood when he has a driver’s license(A)
[D] one is not free from the restrictions of child labor laws until he can join the arm Text 2
Well, no gain without pain, they say. But what about pain without gain? Everywhere you go in America, you hear tales of corporate revival. What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.
The official statistics are mildly discouraging. They show that, if you lump manufacturing and services together, productivity has grown on average by 1.2% since 1987. That is somewhat faster than the average during the previous decade. And since 1991, productivity has increased by about 2% a year, which is more than twice the 1978-1987 average. The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle, and so is not conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend. There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a “disjunction” between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics.
Some of this can be easily explained. New ways of organizing the workplace—all that re-engineering and downsizing—a re only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training. Moreover, most of the changes that companies make are intended to keep them profitable, and this need not always mean increasing productivity: switching to new markets or improving quality can matter just as much.
Two other explanations are more speculative. First, some of the business restructuring of recent years may have been ineptly done. Second, even if it was well done, it may have spread much less widely than people suppose.
Leonard Schlesinger, a Harvard academic and former chief executive of Au Bong Pain, a rapidly growing chain of bakery cafes, says that much “re-engineering” has been crude. In many cases, he believes, the loss of revenue has been greater than the reductions in cost. His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied re-engineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long term profitability. BBDO’s Al Rosenshine is blunter. He dismisses a lot of the work of re-engineering consultants as mere rubbish—“the worst sort of ambulance cashing.”
46. According to the author, the American economic situation is ________.
[A] not as good as it seems
[B] at its turning point
[C] much better than it seems(A)
[D] near to complete recovery
47. The official statistics on productivity growth ________.
[A] exclude the usual rebound in a business cycle
[B] fall short of businessmen’s anticipation
[C] meet the expectation of business people(B)
[D] fail to reflect the true state of economy
48. The author raises the question “what about pain without gain?” because ________.
[A] he questions the truth of “no gain without pain”
[B] he does not think the productivit y revolution works
[C] he wonders if the official statistics are misleading(B)
[D] he has conclusive evidence for the revival of businesses
49. Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage?
[A] Radical reforms are essential for the increase of productivity.
[B] New ways of organizing workplaces may help to increase productivity.
[C] The reduction of costs is not a sure way to gain long term profitability.(A)
[D] The consultants are a bunch of good-for-nothings.
50. According to the passage, the author’s attitude towards the productivity revolution in the U.S.A is ____.
[A] biased
[B] optimistic
[C] ambiguous
[D] negative
Text 3
Money spent on advertising is money spent as well as any I know of. It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices. By drawing attention to new ideas it helps enormously to raise standards of living. By helping to increase demand it ensures an increased need for labour, and is therefore an effective way to fight unemployment. It lowers the costs of many services: without advertisements your daily newspaper would cost four times as much, the price of your television license would need to be doubled, and travel by bus or tube would cost 20 per cent more.
And perhaps most important of all, advertising provides a guarantee of reasonable value in the products and services you buy. Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements. He might fool some people for a little while through misleading advertising. He will not do so for long, for mercifully the public has the good sense not to buy the inferior article more than once. If you see an article consistently advertised, it is the surest proof I know that the article does what is claimed for it, and that it represents good value.
Advertising does more for the material benefit of the community than any other force I can think of.
There is one more point I feel I ought to touch on. Recently I heard a well-known television personality declare that he was against advertising because it persuades rather than informs. He was drawing excessively fine distinctions. Of course advertising seeks to persuade.
If its message were confined merely to information—and that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the colour of a shirt is subtly persuasive— advertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention. But perhaps that is what the well-known television personality wants.
51. By the first sentence of the passage the author means that ________.
[A] he is fairly familiar with the cost of advertising
[B] everybody knows well that advertising is money consuming
[C] advertising costs money like everything else
[D] it is worthwhile to spend money on advertising
52. In the passage, which of the following is NOT included in the advantages of advertising?
[A] Securing greater fame.
[C] Enhancing living standards.
[B] Providing more jobs.
[D] Reducing newspaper cost.
53. The author deems that the well-known TV personality is ________.
[A] very precise in passing his judgment on advertising
[B] interested in nothing but the buyers’ attention
[C] correct in telling the difference between persuasion and information
[D] obviously partial in his views on advertising
54. In the author’s opinion, ________.
[A] advertising can seldom bring material benefit to man by providing information
[B] advertising informs people of new ideas rather than wins them over
[C] there is nothing wrong with advertising in persuading the buyer
[D] the buyer is not interested in getting information from an advertisement
55. The best title for the passage would probably be _____.
[A] Positive and Negative Aspects of Advertising
[B] Benefits Brought by Advertising and Its Persuasive Function
[C] Advertising The Best Persuasive and Information Medium
[D] Advertising the Most Effective Way to Promote Products Text 4
It was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia’s Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. The measure passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on via the group’s on-line service, Death NET. Says Hofsess: “We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isn’t just something that happened in Australia. It’s world history.”
The full import may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights of the Terminally Ill law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right to life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. In Australia—where an aging population, life extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part—other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. In the US and Canada, where the right to die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.
> Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can request death—probably by a deadly injection or pill—to put an end to suffering. The patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors. After a “cooling off” period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54 year old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally Ill law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition. “I’m not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what I was afraid of was how I’d go, because I’ve watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks,” he says.
56. From the second paragraph we learn that ________.
[A] the objection to euthanasia is slow to come in other countries
[B] physicians and citizens share the same view on euthanasia
[C] changing technology is chiefly responsible for the hasty passage of the law(D)
[D] it takes time to realize the significance of the law’s passage
57. When the author says that observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling, he means ________.
[A] observers are taking a wait and see attitude towards the future of euthanasia
[B] similar bills are likely to be passed in the US, Canada and other countries
[C] observers are waiting to see the result of the game of dominoes(B)
[D] the effect-taking process of the passed bill may finally come to a stop
58. The word “euthanasia” in the second paragraph most probably means ________.
[A] doctors’ sympathy to dying patients
[B] doctors’ aggressive medical measures to dying patients
[C] doctors’ mercy killing to reduce sufferings of dying patients
[D] doctors’ well-meaning treatment to save dying patients
59. When Lloyd Nickson dies, he wi ll ________.
[A] face his death with calm characteristic of euthanasia
[B] experience the suffering of a lung cancer patient
[C] have an intense fear of terrible suffering(A)
[D] undergo a cooling off period of seven days
60. The author’s attitude towards euthanasia seems to be that of ________.
[A] opposition
[B] suspicion
[C] approval(C)
[D] indifference
Section IV Translation
Read the following sentences, translate English into Chinese, and translate Chinese into English. (20points)
61. Proper, scientific study of the impacts of dams and of the cost and benefits of controlling water can help to resolve these conflicts.
62. The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan""s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs.
63. It is not possible to determine whether both continents are moving in opposite directions or whether one continent is stationary and the other is drifting away from it.
64. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term.
65. But it is hardly inevitable that companies on the Web will need to resort to push strategies to make money.
66. What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition — if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents.
67. This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one.
68. Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished.
69. This near-tripling o f oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-1980, when they also almost tripled.
70. In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. 答题注意事项 1.本试卷考试时间150分钟，满分100分。
2.试卷后面附有参考答案，供学员测试后核对。
Section I Structure and Vocabulary答案及部分解析：
1-5 DACBC 6-10 BDCAD
11-15 CADBA 16-20 DCBBA
16. [D] 本句意思为“估计数字的范围大约从60万到300万之间”，而range from… to …这一句型正是表示“在……范围之内变化”的意思，故本题选[D]。[A] cover虽然有“包含”之意，但cover表示“覆盖”的面积、大小，不表示范围，故排除。[C] differ主要强调不同，而本句并未强调不同，只是强调范围，故选择range。
17. [C] capacity意为“容量”，本题中的storage capacity指存储量。[A] ability意为“能力，才干”，指人的才智而言，强调不但聪明，而且有受过实际锻炼的才干，含义比capability强。[B] capability意为“能力，才能，手腕”。[D] faculty意为“才能，天赋，技能”，指特殊的才能。
18. [B] 本题[C][D]词义不符合上下文逻辑，首先排除，而care和concern虽都有“关注”的意思，但concern涉及责任(something you have a duty to be involved in)，与本文讲的特定空间设计与室内设计者的任务相符，而care 无此意，且与其前的important basic不搭配，所以选[B]。
19. [B] 本题测试语义搭配。句中提到在某次会议上“讲述”的试验，故选described最为贴切。[A] maintain“主张;维持”，[C] settle“解决”和[D] afford“担负得起;供给”，均不合上下文的逻辑搭配。
20. [A] 前文的Changes in the social structure对于juvenile crime rates自然有“影响”。[A] affect“影响，作用”，符合题意。[B] reduce“减少”。[C] check“检查，校对”，也可以作“抑制，阻止”。[D] reflect“反射，反映”。
Section II Use of English 答案及解析
21. A
An angry, frustrated, emotionally unstable person in good physical condition is not necessarily healthy.一个易怒的，情绪沮丧的，感情不稳定但是体格很好的人，未必是健康的。
[A] unstable adj. (情绪)不稳定的;
[B] unsure adj. 没有自信的，不肯定的，不确定的;
[C] imprecise adj. 不严密的，不精确的;
[D] impractical adj. 不切实际的;
22. D
要表达“并不一定”、“未必”的意思，通常用not necessarily或not definitely。
23. D
Mental health, therefore, has much to do with how a person copes with the world as it exists.因此，精神健康，和一个人在生活中如何处理身边的事情，有很大的关系。
have…(nothing, little, much, a lot) to do with…：和……(没)有(很大的)关系。
24. B
Many of the factors that influence physical health also affect mental and emotional well-being. 很多影响体格健康的因素，同时也影响精神和感情的健康。
[B] influence影响。例：My teacher influenced my decision to study science. 我的老师对我学理科的决定起了影响作用。influence也可做名词，用法如下：(常与on连用)影响力;感化力。例：My teacher’s influence made me study science at college. 由于我老师的影响，我上大学学了理科。Some women have bad influence upon their husbands. 有些妇女对其丈夫有坏影响。上下文中also一词提示填空处需要affect的近义词。
[A] signify①表示;象征;意味。②用动作表示……意思。例：He signified his content with a nod. 他以点头表示同意。③有关系;有重要性。
[C] predict v. 预知，预言，预报。
[D] mark vt. 做标记于，打分数，标志。由also或affect一词可以轻易解此题。
25. D
上下文中多次出现这个词。
[D] mental adj. 精神的，智力的，心智的。和physical相对。一般“精神病”被称作mental illness。上下文中physical一词是答案信号。[A] intellectual adj. 智力的，有智力的，显示智力的。作名词时意为“知识分子”。[B] sensual adj. 肉欲的，色情的，世俗的，强调“通过感官感觉到的”。[C] spiritual adj. 非物质的，精神的;灵魂的;宗教的;神圣的。和material相对。
26. D
capable of doing为固定搭配。意思相当于be able to do。
27. D
People with good self-images like themselves, and they are better able to like others. 那些对自己的形象有积极认识的人通常很欣赏自己，也更容易欣赏其他人。to be able to的比较级，用to be better able to，其他选项的词序都不对。
28. A
Having a good self-image is based on a realistic assessment of one’s own worth and value and capabilities. 对自己的形象有积极的认识，是建立在对自己的价值和能力的符合实际的评价基础上的。
be based on：建立在……的基础上，它基于句式base A on B(将A以B为基础)。
29. A
[A] assessment是动词assess(估计，估算;评估，评价)的名词形式。
30. D
Stress is an unavoidable, necessary, and potentially healthful reality of our society. 压力是我们社会中无可避免的，而且有潜在的促进社会健康作用的现实存在。表示“存在的现实状况”用[D] reality (n. 真实，事实，本体;逼真)。[A] ideality n. 理想，是ideal的名词形式。[B] realization n. 实现;认识;领会，是realize的名词形式。[C] realism n.现实主义。
31. D
由第三段的最后一句话：If stressful situations are continually encountered, …可以找到此题答案。People of all ages encounter stress. 各个年龄段的人都会遇到压力。[D] encounter遭遇，遇到，强调“偶然遇见”;[A] occur vi. 发生，出现;[B] engage vt. 使忙碌，雇佣，预定，使从事于;例：be engaged in…忙于(从事)……。[C] confront①面对;面临;遭遇。例：to confront danger(勇敢地)面对危险②(与with连用)使面对;使面临。例：be confronted with crisis面临危机。
< P> 32. C由36空所在的句子中：One person experiencing a great deal of stress may function exceptionally well 36 another may be unable to function at a11. 可以找到此题答案。Children begin to experience stress during prenatal development and during childbirth. 儿童在出生之前，以及降临到世界的过程中都有压力的体验。[C] experience vt. 经验，体验，经历，阅历;[A] tolerate vt. (主观上努力去)忍受，容忍;[B] sustain vt. 支撑，撑住，维持，持续;[D] undertake vt. 承担，担任(也包含“主观努力”的意思)。 33. D
Examples of stress-inducing events in the life of a young person are death of a pet, pressure to achieve academically, the divorce of parents, or joining a new youth group. 年轻人的生活中，能够带来压力的事件，包括宠物的死亡、学业的压力、父母的离异，或者加入新的年轻人群体。[D] event来自拉丁语evenire发生，e-出.外+venire来，发生出来的事就是“(比较重大的)事件”。而句子表语部分恰恰罗列了种种较为重大的事件。[A] evidence n. 明显，显著，明白，迹象，根据，[物]证据，证物;[B]accident n. 意外事件，(造成一定伤亡或者损失的)事故;[C] adventure n. 冒险，冒险的经历。
34. B
“学业上取得成就”用achieve。[A] acquire和[C] obtain作“获得”解时，作及物动词，后及宾语。[D]fulfill vt. 实践，实行，完成，达到，侧重“履行”之意。
35. A
The different ways in which individuals respond to stress may bring healthful or unhealthy results. 人们对压力做出的不同的反应方式，可能会带来有益于健康，或者不利于健康的后果。[A] respond(常与to连用)反应，回报，对……有反应，对……起作用;[B] return vt. 归还，回报，(经济)收益;[C] retort v. 反驳，反击;[D]reply vi. 答复，回击，报复，答辩，回答。
36. C
One person experiencing a great deal of stress may function exceptionally well while another may be unable to function at a11. 在巨大的压力下。有的人可能会应对非常自如，但是另一个人就完全无法正常发挥。[C] while此处是一个表示转折意义的连词，表示“虽然，但是”。例：You like tennis, while I’d rather read. 你爱打网球，但我爱看书。类似用法的连词还有whereas。例：Some people like fat meat, whereas others hate it. 有些人喜欢肥肉，相反有些人讨厌肥肉。
37. A
Satisfying social relations are vital to sound mental and emotional health. 让人满意的社会关系对于良好的精神和情绪健全至关重要。
[A] sound作形容词意为“完好的，健全的，合理的，明智的”。例：the sound development of a baby(一个婴儿的健康发育);sound judgment合理(明智)的判断。[B] all-round adj. 全面的，多才多艺的。
38. D
It is believed that in order to initiate, develop, and maintain effective and fulfilling social relationships people must possess t he ability to know and trust each other, understand each other, influence, and help each other. 一般认为，要想建立，发展，并且维持有效而给人满足感的社会关系，人们必须拥有了解和信任他人，影响他人，及帮助他人的能力。[D]initiate vt. 创始，发起;[A] illuminate vt. 照明，照亮，阐明，说明;[B] enunciate v. 阐明，清晰发言;[C] enumerate v. 列举。
39. D
上下文中also一词提示天空处需要be capable of的近义词，所以possess the ability符合题意。
40. [A]
They must also be capable of resolving conflicts in a constructive way. 他们必须有能力以建设性的方法来解决冲突。
resolve和solve都有“解决”之意。例：solve/resolve a problem但resolve可用来表达“评定或平息冲突或争端等”之意，相当于settle。例：resolve/settle the quarrel in a friendly way(以友好的方式解决纷争)。此外，resolve还有“决心，决定”之意，相当于decide或determine。例：Parliament has resolved that… (国会决议……);to resolve/be resolved to do… (下决心做……)。
Section III Reading Comprehension
Text 1
41. [C] 意为：人们所受的教育增多以及反童工法的制定
根据题干直接定位到第一段第二句while…部分，它指出，(相对原始社会)，工业社会中青春期变长有两方面的原因：教育期的延长和反童工法的制定。所以，正确选项为[C]。
[A]的干扰来自于第一段第一句。它提到，“青春期的长短取决于不同社会对成熟和成年的定义”。接着第二句就比较了原始社会和工业化社会。从这两句其实我们可以推出这两种社会对成熟的定义必定不同。但第二句已经明确指出了具体原因，因此[C]为最佳答案。[B] 工业化社会更加发达，文中未提。[D]是工业社会中关于青春期变化的现象，而非青春期变长的原因。
42. [A]意为：从各类学校毕业
第二段第二句指出：青春期的社会仪式(social ones)已经被一系列阶段(a sequence of steps)所取代。第三句说明了“一系列阶段”的具体所指—─各阶段学习的毕业。所以，[A]为正确选项。
[B]、[C]、[D]的错误在于：social recognition、certain behavioral change 和socio-economic status本身都不是青春期仪式的替代品，而只是和其替代品紧密相连的因素。第三句提到，行为变化和社会认可度是伴随“阶段”而存在的，而一个人的社会经济地位会影响各阶段对他的重要性。
43.[C] 意为：21岁第二段后面部分从It is during the nine years到倒数第二句列举了青春期各阶段的权利。其中，第十句(at the age of twenty-one… public office)指出，21岁是开始享有完全成****利的年龄。所以[C]为正确选项。
11岁不属于该部分介绍的范围;16岁时只能享有部分成****利;12到21岁期间是一个从儿童向成人转变的过程，个人享有权利逐渐增加，但若享有完全成****利，需要达到21岁。因此其他项排除。
44. [C]意为：个人的基本权利将不会比21岁时有所增加。
文中倒数第二句说明，一旦达到成人阶段(21岁)，将不再继续获得其他额外的基本权利。所以，本题的正确选项应为[C]。其他项[A] 个人会得到更多的基本权利;[B] 一个人越老，拥有的基本权利越多;[D] 人们将享有社会赋予的更多的权利;与原文内容相反。
45. 答案[A]意为：获得驾照的人就可以算是成人了
第一段末句指出，到了19世纪晚期，美国的青春期和成年期的分界线消失。Frontier意为dividing line。所以，[A]为正确选项。
第二段倒数第五句指出，18岁后，可以不经父母的同意结婚。所以[B] 错在“21岁”。第二段四、六、七句说明：16岁青少年可以获得驾照，但只有到了21岁，他们才称为法律意义上的成年人。所以[C]错误。第二段倒数第六、七句说明：16岁就可以不受童工法限制，而18岁后他们才可以参军。所以[D]错误。
Text 2
46. [A] 意为：并不像表面看上去那样好。
第一段第三、四句指出，美国到处都在谈论所谓公司的振兴(tales of corporate revival)，但是，商界自认为正在进行的所谓生产率革命究竟是否名符其实(for real)，这一点却很难确定。该句实际上是全文的主旨，从反面提出了下文旨在回答的问题，所谓生产率革命根本不存在，官方的统计数字也并不怎么乐观;该段第四句指出，问题是;最近显示出的增长部分是由商业领域里此时出现的正常的反弹(rebound)造成的，因此，不能将它看作是更深层的(当指生产率)振兴的证据。由题目能够定位到第一段的这一句：What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.其意思是：商人们自认为的他们所领导的生产力革命是否确有其事，这一点更加难以确定。因此可以看出作者觉得美国经济形式并不像商人们说的那样好，因此联系到了A选项。
最后一段引用了几个专家的评价，对目前进行的促进生产率发展的措施进行了否定，特别是罗森伯格的评价，在他看来，目前负责调整经济的顾问们所做的工作，多数都是垃圾(没有成效)，是典型的“于事无补”(ambulance-chasing)。
B意为：处于转折阶段。文章中只是说经济发展并不乐观，但是还没有达到转折的地步，因此该选项属于夸张类干扰项。
C意为：比现状要好得多。这个和原文意思恰恰相反，同作者的中心思想相违背。换句话说，这个是作者要批驳的观点。
D意为;几乎要实现全面复苏了。此选项同C选项，都是与作者思想相违背的，更何况，复苏这个词根本无从谈起。
47. [B] 意为：与商人的预想不符。或：不像商人预想的那样好。
第二段指出，官方的统计数字也并不怎么乐观，如果将制造业和服务业算在一起(lump... together)，1989年以来生产率平均增长了1.2%，比前十年的平均指数略有增长;1991年后，生产率每年增长约2%，是1978年至1987年这十年平均指数的一倍多。然而问题是：最近显示出的增长部分是由商业领域里此时出现的正常的反弹造成的，因此，不能将它看作是更深层的(当指生产率)振兴的证据。正如财政部长鲁宾所说的那样，一方面，大量的商业神话似乎表明生产率的激增(leap)，另一方面，(官方的)统计数字又是另一番景象，二者之间存在着一个“差距”(disjunction)。定位到第二段的这几句：There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a "disjunction" between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics.其意思是：正如财政部长罗伯特脠宾所说的，生产力发生飞跃的商业传奇与统计数字所反映的情况之间存在着一种“脱节”。商业传奇即是说大量的商业神话似乎表明生产率的激增(leap)。因此，可以得出结论，经济发展的实际情况和商人们所塑造的神话有脱节，即联系到了B选项。
A意为：排除了商业领域里出现的正常的反弹。此选项定位到了原文第二段中的The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle，意思是：近年发生的生产力快速增长部分是由于商业周期通常到了这时候就会出现的反弹造成的。但是官方统计时并未排除此反弹，在原文中没有根据。原文只是说这个反弹是个trouble，但是并未说找个trouble被排除了。
C意为：与商人预想的一致。这个与B选项正好矛盾，参考B选项的解释。
D意为：没有准确地反映经济的状况。该选项的说法太笼统了，虽然由原文得出了“脱节”的结论，但是请注意，是生产力发生飞跃的商业传奇与统计数字所反映 的情况之间存在着一种“脱节”，而不是该官方统计与经济情况存在脱节。至少，原文并未说该统计不准确，而只是说该统计与商人们预料的不符。
48. [B] 意为：他认为所谓的生产率革命并未奏效。
第一段指出，人们常说：不劳则无所获，但是，要是劳而无获呢?美国到处都在谈论所谓公司的振兴，但是，商界自认为正在进行的所谓生产率革命究竟是否名符其实，这一点却很难确定。作者的观点在此其实已表达得很清楚。
另外，从第三段来看，所谓的生产率革命包括了改组企业(business restructuring, reengineering)等一系列措施，正如第四段所指出的，近年所进行的一些重组措施也许并未奏效，而且，即使有所成效，效果也没有人们想像的那样广泛。在最后一段，作者引用了几个专家的评价，这几位专家对目前进行的促进生产率发展的措施更是持否定态度。作者的引用当然带有很大的倾向性，用以支持自己的观点。第一段指出，人们常说：不劳则无所获，但是，要是劳而无获呢?美国到处都在谈论所谓公司的振兴，但是，商界自认为正在进行的所谓生产率革命究竟是否名符其实，这一点却很难确定。作者的观点在此其实已表达得很清楚，就是说所谓的生产率革命并没起多大作用。而且由其他段也可看出，现实的数据与商人们所想的存在脱节，因此他们所鼓吹的革命并不奏效。因此联系到了B选项
A意为：他对“不劳则无所获”的真实性提出质疑。该选择项过于局限于字面意思。该选择项过于局限于字面意思，而与作者的真正用意无关。这是一个用字面意思来迷惑考生的干扰项。
C意为：他认为官方的统计数宁可能有错。正好相反，他们认为所谓的商业振兴仅仅是假象。联系上一道题，作者并未说官方的统计数据不符合实际。如果上道题明白的话，就会第一个排除此选项的。
D意为：他获得了商业振兴的确凿证据。这个选项有两个大错误。首先作者压根没说商业振兴，反而在说经济情况不如想象中的好。第二个错误是所谓的确凿证据无从说起。文章中所有的例证都是在说明“脱节”这个问题，而不是在说什么商业振兴。
49. [A] 意为：激进的改革对生产率的提高极其重要。
首先要看清楚题目，是说文章未提到的，大家一定不要犯这种低级错误，选了文章提到过的选项。，作者只指出促进生产率革命的措施并未奏效，未达到人们想象的效果，而并末提到应该如何才对。这属于过度引申的干扰项。
B意为：用新方法改变工作场所可以提高生产率。第三段第二句指出，重新改变工作场所仅是加快一个国家的国民经济综合生产率水平(overall productivity of an economy)的一种措施，促进生产率发展的因素还有许多，如：设备和机器投资、新技术、教育和培训投资等都会带来生产率的提高。
C意为：降低成本并不能保证带来长期利润。根据第五段第三句，在比尔看来，许多公司机械地(in a mechanistic fashion)应用改革措施，降低了成本，但对长期盈利却考虑不够。可见，降低成本和长期盈利并非总是成正比。
D意为：顾问们是一伙饭桶。不要以为这种骂人句肯定不会出现在原文中，那你就犯了主观主义错误了。文章最后一段指出，在罗森伯格看来，目前负责经济调整的顾问们所做的工作，多数都是垃圾(没有成效)，是典型的“于事无补”。
50. [D]否定的。 本题问：根据文章，作者对美国提高生产率的革命态度如何?作者在文章的一开头就提出，本文要讨论“得不偿失、劳而无功”的问题，所以作者对这场提高生产率革命的态度显然是否定的。故选D。 A有偏心的，有偏见的。 B乐观的。 C模棱两可的。均不符合题意，不能入选。 TEXT 3
51. [D] 这句话可直译为：将钱花在广告上是我所知道的好的花钱方式之一。意为：将钱花在广告上好或很值(worthwhile)。
该句的非比较级形式为：Money spent on advertising is money spent well.在该句中，any指任何一种好的花钱方式(any money spent well);know of意为：知道，所了解到的。其实，该句所陈述的内容不仅是第一段的主题思想，也是全文旨在说明的问题。在第一段的其他部分，作者就列举了合理的广告带来的诸多方面的益处。
A意为：他对广告的价格了如指掌。这显然不对。
B意为：众人皆知做广告很费钱(money consuming)，即：做广告很贵。
C意为：像做其他事一样，做广告要花钱。
52. [A] secure在此意为：取得，获得 。A意为：获得更大知名度。这是原文所未提到的。
原文第一段历数了广告所带来的诸多益处。它直接有助于产品以合理价格迅速销出(distribution)，在稳定国内市场(home market)的同时，使产品能以有竞争力(competitive)的价格出口进入国际市场;它给人以新的消费观，从而大大地提高人们的生活标准;它增加了市场需求(demand)，扩大了劳动力(labour)市场，有效地扩大了就业。它使许多公共事业的服务价格低廉，因为，这些服务都可以利用登广告所嫌的钱补贴其经营费用，这使得它们可以降低价格。
B与原文内容相符。
C意为：提高生活标准。与原文内容相符。
D与原文内容相符。
53. [D] 在这一题的提问部分，deem意为：认为。选择项D中partial意为：片面的，不公平的。
文章第四段和第五段讨论了一个反对广告的著名电视工作者(television personality)的看法。他反对广告的理由是：广告是劝诱性的(persuade)，而不是客观地提供信息(inform)，但是，作者认为：作这种区别有些过于细微了(excessively fine)，广告当然要劝诱人们。即使在很小的方面，也很难做到只局限于(confine... to)客观地提供信息，而且，那样的话，广告就失去了吸引力，没人会注意它。由此可见，在作者看来，广告的这两方面很难严格地区别开来，二者是有机地结合在一起的，不能顾此失彼。
A意为：准确地表达了他对广告的评价。这里，pass意为：表述，表达，提出。
B意为：只关心消费者的注意力。这里，nothing but意为：只有，除……之外都不。
C意为：区分劝诱与信息提供是有道理的。这里，tell the difference意为：区分，区别。
54. [C] 意为：广告劝诱消费者无可指责。
作者认为，毫无疑问，广告会劝诱消费者。它不仅是这样，而且应该是这样，否则，广告便失去了吸引力而没人看了。参阅第53题题解。
A是不对的。正如第三段所指出的，广告给社会(community)带来的物质利益(material benefit)比其他形式都大。
B意为：广告应给人以新的(消费)观念，而不在于说服人。这里，win over意为：说服，争取;rather than意为：而不是。可见，所表达的内容与原文中作者表达的观点相反。
D意为：消费者不关心广告所提供的信息。这与作者的观点也不同，作者仅是说：广告不能仅局限于提供客观信息，否则，就无法吸引消费者。参阅第53题题解。
55. [B]意为：广告带来的好处和它的促销作用。
本题问：本文最好的标题是什么?本文第一段谈到做广告的社会效益。第2、3段讲广告使物有所值，因而贡献巨大。最后两段论述广告的促销作用。故应选B. D具有片面性，不能入选。
Text 4
56. [D] 意为：理解该法获批准的意义尚需要时间。
第二段第一句是该段的主题句，该句意为：其(即这一立法的)整体含义(import)可能需要一段时间才为人彻底理解(sink in)。其实，该段的第二句是对第一句更具体的阐释，该句可译为：北部地方州(此处NT是Northern Territory的缩略形式，指澳大利亚中北部地区)晚期病****利法的批准使医生和普通人都在思索其道义与实践方面的含义。本段下文提到了支持和反对该法的两种观点。
A意为：在(除澳大利亚以外的)其他国家，对安乐死的反对意见缓慢而至。这一点该段没有提到。实际上，听到该法批准后，远在美国和加拿大的人也很快作出了反应。
B意为：在安乐死这一问题上，医生和普通人观点相同。正像该段第三句所指出的，对于该法的批准，意见分歧很大。有些人松了口气，而有些人——包括教堂、保卫生命权益组织与澳大利亚医学会——对该法进行激烈的抨击，认为它的批准过于仓促。
C意为：技术(条件)的变化应对该法的仓促批准负主要责任。该段第五句意为：在澳大利亚，其他州也将考虑通过制定同样的一项法律来解决安乐死问题，而促成这一形势的是澳大利亚老化的人口、生命延续技术、正在变化的社会态度等因素。可见，这与C所表达的内容不一样。
57. [B] 意为：美国、加拿大及其他国家也可能批准类似法律。
第二段最后一句指出，在美国和加拿大“死之权利”运动正在集结力量，观望者正在等待多米诺骨牌开始倾倒。多米诺骨牌是一种西洋骨 牌游戏;游戏中将许多长方形的骨牌竖立排列成行，碰倒第一张时，其余骨牌将依次纷纷倒下。用于比喻时，这种游戏指一系列的连锁反应，即：牵一发而动全身。这里喻指：澳大利亚的形势会波及北美等国家，引起类似的做法。
A意为：观察者对安乐死的未来持观望态度。根据对B的分析，观察者等待的是是否美、加等国会在对安乐死的态度方面步澳之后尘，通过类似立法，而并非是指他们对安乐死态度暖昧、莫衷一是。
C意为：观察者正等待看多米诺游戏的结果。这种解释未免太拘泥于字面的意思。
D意为：所批准的法案的影响也许会最终停止。与原文不符。
58. [C]意为：医师为帮助生命垂危病人摆脱痛苦而采取的致死措施。
本题是一道词义题，但是解题更多的需要涉及到文章中心词，本文第一段从澳大利亚通过的一个关于安乐死法案的新闻入手，下文全部在讨论各界对该法案的反应，同时在文章最后作者以实例表明了自己对安乐死的观点，由此我们可以确定文章的中心是关于安乐死的。而考研(论坛) 文章的任何一道阅读题目的命制都是和文章中心紧密相连的。据此我们可以推断出答案为C。
A意为：医师对垂危病人的同情。
B医师对垂死病人采取的过激医疗手段。
D医师为挽救垂危病人的生命而采取的善意的治疗。
另外“euthanasia” 所在句和下面的In the US and Canada, where the right to die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.处于平衡位置，由此我们可以判断“euthanasia”和下句的the right to die大意相同,答案可以锁定C，四个选项中只有该选项与死亡相关。
59. [A] 意为：死时表现出安乐死的平静特征。
这实际上是说他将采用安乐死的方式离开人世。第三段提到，住在达尔文市(位于北部地方州)的尼克森患肺癌，对他来说，允许安乐死的法案的批准意味着他可以心情平静地生活，而无需惧怕将要遭受的死亡的折磨：由死时所产生的呼吸困难所带来的痛苦折磨。他说：从思想认识上讲，我并不怕死，但是，我怕的是如何死去，因为我曾亲眼目睹过医院的病人死时由缺氧而挣扎并抓挠氧气罩的情景。从以上的分析可以看出，尼克森先生知道自己已患绝症并依法为自己选择安乐死的方式告别人世。
B意为：经历肺癌病人所要遭受的痛苦。不对，相反，尼克森将会平静死去。
C意为：对痛苦的折磨极度恐惧。
D意为：将经历7天的平静阶段。第三段指出，根据北部地区新通过的法律，要求安乐死的病人必须具备以下条件：1)该病人必须由两名医生诊断为晚期病人;2)平静考虑7天后，病人签署一个申请证书;3)48小时后再给病人实行安乐死。可见，这里所说的“平静”7天是让病人(及其家庭)平静、认真地考虑一下是否选择采用安乐死这一形式。
60. [C] 意为;赞同。
这是一篇新闻体文章，在新闻体文章中，写作者往往通过引用相关者的观点来结束讨论，并将自己的态度通过引用间接地表述出来。本文以尼克森的话结束了对安乐死的讨论，而尼克森是安乐死的支持者。另外，文章的大部分文字陈述了对安乐死法案的褒扬态度，而反对态度却一带而过。从这两方面来看，作者对安乐死持赞同态度。
A意为：反对。
B意为：怀疑。
D意为：不关心。
Section IV Translation
答案与解析：
61.【译文】针对大坝的影响和治水的耗资与收益进行合理科学的研究能有助于解决这些冲突。
【解析】此句的翻译关键在分析of的修饰成分。其核心句是Study can help to resolve conflicts。但是理解的重点却在study后面那有两个并列关系的of，说明了study的内容：study of the impacts of dams和study of the cost and benefits of controlling water。第三个of修饰的是the cost and benefits两个名词，of后面是个动名词短语。
重点词：study研究;impact 影响，冲击;benefits 收益，福利;resolve解决
62. 【译文】战后生育高峰年代的到来及妇女进入男性主宰的就业市场，限制了青少年的发展机遇。这些青少年 已经开始质疑在进好学校，找好工作，攀登日本等级森严的社会阶梯的过程中所付出的巨大个人代价是否值得。
【解析】本句注意词类转换以及定语从句的翻译。如：名词entry转换成动词更符合汉语习惯;本句定语从句较长，宜采用重复先行词teenagers译成独立的分句的方法。句子结构：主语是The coming of age ... male-dominated job market，谓语是have limited，宾语是the opportunities of teenagers，而who are already ... schools and jobs是teenagers的定语从句，该从句中involved in ... schools and jobs又是personal sacrifices的补语。
重点词：age 时代，年代;baby boom 生育高峰，婴儿潮;question 质问，质疑;involved in与某事有关，由某事引起
63. 【译文】无法断定两个大陆是在朝相反的方向运动，还是一个大陆停止不动而另一个从它身边漂移开去。
【解析】此句翻译时注意it是形式主语， to引导的不定式短语是真正主语，注意两个whether从句的选择关系，以及后一个从句中两个小句所描述的相对关系。determine后面跟的是whether... or whether...引导的选择关系的从句。注意后面whether从句中有两个分句，用and连接，其中the other指的是the other continent。
重点词： determine确定，断定;continent大陆;stationary静止的，固定的
64. 【译文】强劲的经济增长势头，加上北半球冬季的到来，可能在短期内使石油价格涨得更高。
【解析】本句重点是要首先抓住?句的基本结构：是一个含有插入成分的单句。主语是动名词短语Strengthening economic growth，谓语是could push，插入成分是一个时间状语。
重点词：strengthen加强
65. 【译文】但网络上的公司借助强行推送策略去挣钱并非不可避免。/但网上公司并不是非得依靠推动策略方能挣钱。
【解析】本句注意真正主语是that引导的从句，翻译时可还原后再译(如前一种)，或灵活处理(如后一种)。
重点词：resort to凭借，采取;push strategy推动策略
66. 【译文】奇怪的是他们也许已经从雄心壮志中获益颇多了——如果不是他们自己的雄心，那么就是他们父母的或祖父母的。
【解析】此句主语为what引导的主语从句，谓语为have benefited from，宾语ambition，破折号后if引导让步状语从句。此处破折号后的状语从句为补充说明，位置不变为宜。
重点词：ambition雄心壮志
67. 【译文】 这一成功，以及后来显示记忆本身并非由基因所决定的研究，让埃里克森得出结论：记忆行为更多地属于认知练习而不是直觉练习。
【解析】本句是个简单句，主语是This success，谓语是led，后面接两个宾语，一是Ericsson，一是不定式to conclude。不定式本身接that引导的宾语从句。过去分词结构coupled with later research做success的定语，但翻译成汉语时需灵活处理成主语，现在分词结构showing that memory itself is not genetically determined又做later research的定语。注意more...than...中，作者强调的是more之后的部分。
重点词： couple with再加上;genetically determined由基因决定的;cognitive认知的;intuitive直觉的
68. 【译文】人与人之间的差异以及自然选择利用该差异的机会减少了。
【解析】注意differences between people和the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it是两个并列的主语，千万不要理解成people与the opportunity是between的并列宾语。另外注意句中的it指代的是differences between people。
重点词组：natural selec tion自然选择;take advantage of利用
69. 【译文】这次近3倍的石油涨价唤起了1973年油价暴涨的可怕记忆，那时油价涨了四倍，也唤起了1979至1980的可怕记忆，那时油价也涨了近三倍。
【解析】本句翻译时注意两个when引导的均为定语从句，而非状语从句，所以要翻译成“当时，那时”，切勿译成“当...的时候”
重点词：oil shock石油危机;quadruple(乘)四倍
70. 【译文】在仅仅一代人的时间里，数百万母亲投入工作的行列，改变了基本的家庭经济状况。
【解析】解析：本句主要注意现在分词结构transforming basic family economics做结果状语，翻译时要体现出来。
重点词：generation一个世代，一代人;economics经济状况，经济学
注：翻译评分标准
如果句子译文明显扭曲原文意思，该句得分最多不超过0.5分。如果考生就一个题目提供了两个或两个以上的译法，若均正确，给分;如果其中一个译法有错，按错误译法评分。中文错别字不个别扣分，按每题累计扣分。每三个错别字扣0.5分，无0.25扣分。